Humedal Costero de Totoral declarado Santuario de la Naturaleza
El Consejo de Ministros para la Sustentabilidad, encabezado por el Ministra del Medio Ambiente, Carolina Schmidt, aprobó la creación del Santuario de la Naturaleza Humedal costero de Totoral, en la Región de Atacama. Dicha resolución integra el Plan Regional de Atacama, y del Plan Nacional de Protección de Humedales 2018-2022.
La Ministra destacó que “este ecosistema alberga una biodiversidad de especies de gran relevancia y representa parte del patrimonio cultural debido a la presencia de sitios arqueológicos, así como el desarrollo de prácticas tradicionales y la posibilidad de educar ambientalmente a las comunidades locales, lo que hace que su conservación y gestión a largo plazo sea clave, actividad que se realizará con el apoyo de los vecinos y organizaciones presentes en la zona para asegurar su protección”.
EL HUMEDAL:
El área asociada al humedal y sus alrededores, alberga un importante número de especies de flora, además de proporcionar una gran diversidad de alimento, refugio y descanso para la fauna que habita el lugar. Incluso en los sectores de quebradas interiores, se han registrado zonas de transición para mamíferos, como el zorro, puma y el guanaco, y una avifauna particular en comparación a las otras unidades de paisaje.
El Humedal Costero de Totoral se ubica en pleno desierto de Atacama, a 89 kilómetros aproximadamente al sur de Copiapó. Es uno de los escasos humedales costeros del norte de Chile, y comprende una superficie aproximada de 368,7 hectáreas, con especies de aves que están en lo más al norte de su distribución. Este humedal se conecta con la quebrada de Totoral, la cual alberga distintas especies asociadas al fenómeno del Desierto Florido.
La solicitud de su declaración fue presentada por la Comunidad Agrícola de Totoral y contó con el apoyo de la junta de vecinos, organizaciones y servicios públicos, para la protección de la alta biodiversidad presente en el área, de las numerosas especies bajo amenaza y como una zona de alto potencial de desarrollo turístico para la comunidad de Totoral.
En cuanto a la flora presente en el área, se determinó una riqueza florística de 112 especies, con un 40% de endemismo, con especies propias de Desierto Florido y cactáceas.
Durante las campañas del año 2019 se detectó un total de 72 especies de fauna vertebrada, entre ellas 58 especies de aves, 3 especies de reptiles, 11 especies de mamíferos y no se detectaron anfibios, lo que corresponde a 47% de las especies potenciales.
Los principales objetos de conservación del Santuario de la Naturaleza son avifauna, flora del desierto florido, red hídrica, paisaje y patrimonio arqueológico.
EL SEREMI:
Por su parte, el Seremi del Medio Ambiente, de Atacama, Guillermo Ready, destacó que “los humedales en la Región de Atacama están situados en el desierto más árido del mundo, constituyendo ecosistemas indispensables por los beneficios o ‘servicios ecosistémicos’ que brindan a la humanidad y a la comunidad de estos sectores, desde la provisión de alimentos, conservación de la biodiversidad, hasta el control de crecidas, recarga de aguas subterráneas y mitigación de los efectos del cambio climático”.
Indicó además que “son ecosistemas altamente vulnerables, particularmente frente a las prácticas no sustentables y el cambio climático. Los humedales costeros, se encuentran en una condición crítica; hay una disminución del recurso hídrico, detectándose pérdida o disminución de la población de especies nativas, por lo que es imprescindible protegerlos”.
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