Residuos de cobre podrían sustituir materiales inorgánicos de construcción
Según el estudio, los residuos mineros pueden ser incorporados a la economía como sustitutos inmediatos de materias primas naturales, ayudando a reducir las emisiones anuales de CO2.
Según un estudio realizado por Sofofa y la Universidad de Concepción, en el sector industrial, solo el 10,5% de los residuos son reciclados y valorizados como materia prima destinada a otros productos.
Con el fin de estudiar los desechos industriales y determinar sus oportunidades, el estudio desarrollado por ambas organizaciones espera que estos materiales y sustancias industriales y mineras, puedan recibir una calificación distinta para poder ser valorizados.
Los resultados indican que, solo en 2019 a nivel nacional, se generaron casi 20 millones de toneladas de desechos, de los cuales el 59% son de origen industrial. Además, se identificó que el 75% de la generación de los residuos industriales se concentra en 15 tipos, los que pertenecen a una categoría de materiales que puede ser incorporada a la economía como sustitutos inmediatos de materias primas naturales.
Un caso que el director del Centro de Medio Ambiente y Energía de Sofofa, Jorge Cáceres, señaló como ejemplo es el de países como Bélgica, Finlandia y Alemania, donde reemplazaron la etiqueta de residuos siderúrgicos o de cobre por la de “árido artificial”, dentro del concepto de producto secundario, el cual se puede usar para sustituir los áridos naturales en la construcción de infraestructura y carreteras.
“Parte de ellos son los relaves mineros, que son residuos que requieren un trabajo más fino respecto a lo que sería revalorizar la escoria de cobre por ejemplo, lo que puede ser inmediato”, señala Cáceres en relación con la existencia de otras categorías y materiales, que según referencias internacionales, requieren mayor investigación y desarrollo.
De acuerdo con Cáceres, la incorporación de estos nuevos materiales revalorizados a la economía, se podrían ahorrar 94 millones de toneladas anuales de CO2 y sustituirse rápidamente 78 millones de toneladas anuales de recursos naturales y materias primas. Así, los US$20 millones anuales que genera Chile, podrían alcanzar los valores del mercado potencial que llega a los US$400 millones.
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